6 research outputs found
An Interactive Multi-Dimensional Flexibility Scheduling in Low-carbon Low-inertia Power Systems
Today, electrical energy plays a significant and conspicuous role in
contemporary economies; as a result, governments should place a high priority
on maintaining the supply of electrical energy. In order to assess various
topologies and enhance the security of power systems, it may be useful to
evaluate robustness, dependability, and resilience all at once. This is
particularly true when there is a significant amount of renewable energy
present. The R3 concept, which consists of these three interrelated
characteristics, describes the likelihood that a power system would fail, the
potential severity of the repercussions, and the speed at which the system will
recover from a failure. This paper uses eight case studies created from the
IEEE 24-bus RTS and thoroughly assesses the properties of reliability,
robustness, and resilience to highlight the significance of the issue. The
sequential Monte Carlo method is used to evaluate reliability, cascade failure
simulations are used to evaluate robustness, and a mixed-integer optimization
problem is used to study resilience. Different indicators related to each of
the three assessments are computed. The significance of the combined analysis
is emphasized as the simulation findings are described visually and
statistically in a unique three-dimensional manner eventually.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Congestion Management by Applying Co-operative FACTS and DR program to Maximize Renewables
This research proposes an incremental welfare consensus method based on
flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) and demand response
(DR) programs to control transmission network congestion in order to increase
the penetration of wind power. The locational marginal prices are used as input
by the suggested model to control the FACTS device and DR resources. In order
to do this, a cutting-edge two-stage market clearing system is created. In the
first stage, participants bid on the market with the intention of maximizing
their profits, and the ISO clears the market with the goal of promoting
societal welfare. The second step involves the execution of a generation
re-dispatch issue in which incentive-based DR and FACTS device controllers are
optimally coordinated to reduce the rescheduling expenses for generating firms.
Here, a static synchronous compensator and a series capacitor operated by a
thyristor are used as two different forms of FACTS devices. A case study on the
modified IEEE one-area 24-bus RTS system is then completed. The simulation
results show that the suggested interactive DR and FACTS model not only reduces
system congestion but also makes the system more flexible so that it can
capture as much wind energy as feasible.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, 8 table
Antibacterial Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide and Chlorhexidine Mixture for Treatment of Teeth with Primary Endodontic Lesions: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Introduction: This study compared the root canal microbial count of necrotic teeth after irrigation with 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (single session treatment) and two-session root canal treatment with two-week application of calcium hydroxide (CH) mixed with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) as intracanal medicament. Methods and Materials: In this randomized clinical trial, single-rooted necrotic teeth were divided into two groups. Root canal was irrigated with 2 mL of 6% NaOCl in one group, and a mixture of 0.2% CHX and CH powder as an intracanal medicament for two weeks, in the other group. Root canal samples were obtained before and after the intervention and number of colony forming units (CFUs) was counted in each phase. Results: The reduction of Enterococcus faecalis CFU was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.233) but the CFU of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was significantly lower in CH+CHX group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Two-week application of CH+CHX caused significant reduced the aerobic, anaerobic and E. faecalis colony counts. Thus, it may be beneficial to carry out primary root canal treatment of necrotic teeth with endodontic lesions in two sessions with intracanal medicaments to achieve predictable results.Keywords: Calcium Hydroxide; Chlorhexidine; Endodontic Treatment; Periapical Abscess; Root Canal Therap
Comparison of Common Monogenic Defects in a Large Predominantly Antibody Deficiency Cohort
Background: Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most common primary immunodeficiencies, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and inability to generate effective antibody responses. Objective: We intended to report most common monogenic PADs and to investigate how patients with PAD who were primarily diagnosed as suffering from agammaglobulinemia, hyper-IgM (HIgM) syndrome, and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have different clinical and immunological findings. Methods: Stepwise next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed for confirmation of the mutations in the patients clinically diagnosed as suffering from agammaglobulinemia, HIgM syndrome, and CVID. Results: Among 550 registered patients, the predominant genetic defects associated with agammaglobulinemia (48 Bruton's tyrosine kinase [BTK] and 6 μ heavy chain deficiencies), HIgM syndrome (21 CD40 ligand and 7 activation-induced cytidine deaminase deficiencies), and CVID (17 lipopolysaccharides-responsive beige-like anchor deficiency and 12 atypical Immunodeficiency, Centromeric instability, and Facial dysmorphism syndromes) were identified. Clinical disease severity was significantly higher in patients with μ heavy chain and CD40 ligand mutations compared with patients with BTK (P = .003) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (P = .009) mutations. Paralysis following live polio vaccination was considerably higher in patients with μ heavy chain deficiency compared with BTK deficiency (P < .001). We found a genotype-phenotype correlation among patients with BTK mutations regarding clinical manifestation of meningitis and chronic diarrhea. Surprisingly, we noticed that first presentations in most patients with Immunodeficiency, Centromeric instability, and Facial dysmorphism were respiratory complications (P = .008), whereas first presentations in patients with lipopolysaccharides-responsive beige-like anchor deficiency were nonrespiratory complications (P = .008). Conclusions: This study highlights similarities and differences in the clinical and genetic spectrum of the most common PAD-associated gene defects. This comprehensive comparison will facilitate clinical decision making, and improve prognosis and targeted treatment
Comparison of Common Monogenic Defects in a Large Predominantly Antibody Deficiency Cohort
Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most common primary immunodeficiencies, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and inability to generate effective antibody responses